The Appeal of Quiet Shooting
The crisp air of a late autumn afternoon hangs heavy with the promise of quiet. A gentle breeze rustles through the trees, carrying with it the faintest scent of woodsmoke. You settle behind the rifle, the familiar weight of the 45-70 in your hands. This isn’t your typical range day; the focus is on stealth, on silence. The goal: to send a heavy projectile downrange, not with a thunderous roar, but with a whisper. Welcome to the intriguing world of subsonic 45-70 shooting.
The 45-70 cartridge, a legendary round with a history as rich as the American West, has proven its versatility time and again. Once the mainstay of buffalo hunters and soldiers, today it finds new life in a variety of applications. And for those seeking a different, quieter experience, subsonic loading unlocks a whole new dimension of possibilities. Subsonic simply means the bullet travels below the speed of sound, roughly 1125 feet per second (fps) at sea level. This prevents the creation of a sonic boom, the primary source of the loud report associated with firearms.
This article provides a comprehensive guide to achieving quiet, accurate results with subsonic 45-70 loads. We’ll delve into everything from bullet selection and powder choices to safety guidelines, providing you with the knowledge you need to embark on this rewarding pursuit.
Advantages and Considerations
The advantages of subsonic shooting are compelling. The most obvious is noise reduction. This is critical for a variety of reasons. Reduced noise allows for shooting in areas where traditional firearms might be restricted due to noise ordinances. It’s friendlier to your ears and those of your neighbors. Subsonic loads are also ideal for hunting, offering a more discreet profile that can minimize the chance of spooking game.
Furthermore, the reduced recoil often associated with subsonic loads can improve accuracy and make shooting more enjoyable, particularly for extended range sessions. The absence of a sonic boom can sometimes enhance accuracy. The physics behind it is complex, but it can translate into tighter groupings on the target. In essence, it can be a more pleasurable and more accurate shooting experience.
In specific instances, subsonic 45-70 loads become even more specialized. Consider the application of pest control where quiet operation is crucial. Or perhaps, the allure of backyard shooting, when undertaken safely, and where you can appreciate your hobby. Subsonic loads present unique advantages.
It is crucial to acknowledge the legal considerations surrounding firearms and ammunition, which vary significantly depending on your location. This article does not provide legal advice. It is always essential to be aware of and abide by all applicable local, state, and federal regulations regarding firearms, suppressors (if applicable), and ammunition before engaging in any shooting activity.
Selecting the Right Components
Crafting accurate and effective subsonic 45-70 loads requires careful component selection. Every part plays a vital role in achieving the desired quiet performance.
Bullet Selection
Bullet choice is paramount. The optimal bullet weight is generally heavier than what is typically used for standard 45-70 loads, often ranging from a 405-grain bullet to 500 grains or even heavier. Heavier bullets tend to maintain their stability and kinetic energy at subsonic velocities, and it’s key for delivering sufficient impact on the target.
Regarding bullet types, cast lead bullets are a popular and cost-effective option. They’re easy to load and offer excellent performance at subsonic speeds. Some shooters prefer jacketed bullets for their improved expansion and terminal performance, particularly when hunting. However, bullet selection also influences stability. Bullet design characteristics will affect trajectory.
Powder and Primer Choice
Another essential element is powder selection. You will need powders that perform well at low velocities and, importantly, that maintain safe pressures. The use of fast-burning powders is typical in subsonic 45-70 loads. The correct powder must ignite efficiently at these reduced loads, to avoid dangerous pressure spikes. Many powders, such as Trail Boss, Accurate No. 2, and Unique, have shown good results.
Finally, selecting the appropriate primers will ensure consistent ignition. Large rifle primers are typically recommended. They provide a reliable spark to ignite the powder charge.
Brass Preparation
Carefully consider your brass. Case preparation is key. Proper neck sizing, trimming, deburring, and primer pocket cleaning are all important steps to ensure uniform performance and safety. Always check your case’s overall length. Careful preparation contributes to consistent results.
Powder Recipes for Silent Performance
*Note: The following load data is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for consulting current reloading manuals and exercising extreme caution. Always begin with the minimum recommended powder charge and gradually increase it, carefully monitoring for signs of excessive pressure. Always wear appropriate eye and ear protection, and reload in a well-ventilated area.*
Let’s explore specific examples of powder combinations. This data is provided for reference, it’s important to cross-reference and verify this information with reputable reloading manuals. Remember that different rifles may exhibit varying results, so careful testing is always required.
Trail Boss Load
Powder Option: Trail Boss
- Bullet Weight: 405-grain cast bullet
- Powder Charge: Start at 9.0 grains, and cautiously increase to 11.0 grains.
- Estimated Velocity: 900-1050 fps
- Case: Starline
- Primer: CCI Large Rifle
- C.O.A.L.: 2.540 inches.
- Notes: Trail Boss is a popular choice for subsonic loads. Use a powder scale to ensure accurate measurements. Always make sure the case is within the “donut” range of the powder.
Unique Load
Powder Option: Unique
- Bullet Weight: 405-grain cast bullet
- Powder Charge: Start at 8.0 grains, and cautiously increase to 9.5 grains.
- Estimated Velocity: 950-1050 fps
- Case: Starline
- Primer: CCI Large Rifle
- C.O.A.L.: 2.540 inches.
- Notes: Unique offers good performance. Use a powder scale to ensure accurate measurements. Ensure the brass is well-cleaned.
Accurate No. 2 Load
Powder Option: Accurate No. 2
- Bullet Weight: 405-grain cast bullet
- Powder Charge: Start at 6.5 grains, and cautiously increase to 8.0 grains.
- Estimated Velocity: 900-1000 fps
- Case: Starline
- Primer: CCI Large Rifle
- C.O.A.L.: 2.540 inches.
- Notes: Accurate No. 2 is a fast-burning powder. Use a powder scale to ensure accurate measurements.
*Important Safety Reminder:* Before reloading any ammunition, it is always important to refer to up-to-date reloading manuals for specific data and safety recommendations. Pressure signs can show up in a number of ways. Always begin with the lowest recommended load and incrementally increase the powder charge in small increments, paying close attention for any signs of excessive pressure, such as flattened primers, difficult bolt lift, or bulged case heads. If you encounter any of these issues, immediately stop the reloading process and consult a reloading expert. Always measure your powders with a scale.
These are only starting points, and should be seen as suggestions, and need to be confirmed by testing, and checking different bullet types and characteristics.
Mastering the Reloading Process
Reloading subsonic 45-70 ammunition requires a methodical and safety-conscious approach. Precision and attention to detail are essential for both accuracy and safety.
Case Preparation Steps
Begin with case preparation. This includes cleaning the cases thoroughly to remove any residue. Next, inspect the cases for damage, such as cracks or dents. Then, resize the cases using a full-length resizing die or a neck-sizing die, depending on your preference and the specific needs of your rifle. Trim the cases to the correct length and deburr the case mouth to ensure consistent bullet seating. After that, clean the primer pockets to ensure the primers seat correctly.
The next step is priming. Insert a new primer into each prepared case using a priming tool.
Powder Charging and Bullet Seating
After priming, it’s time to charge the cases with powder. Carefully measure the correct amount of powder using a digital scale. Weigh the powder charge for each case, and pour it into the case.
Next, seat the bullets. Using a bullet-seating die, seat the bullets to the correct Cartridge Overall Length (C.O.A.L.). Use the appropriate measurement to ensure the bullet isn’t seated too deep into the case, which could increase pressure.
Final Inspection
Finally, inspect the completed cartridges, ensuring they meet the correct specifications. Check for proper bullet seating depth, and examine the cases for any bulges or other imperfections.
Essential Tools
Essential tools include a reloading press, reloading dies (sizing, seating, and crimping), a digital scale, a case trimmer, a primer seater, a case tumbler, calipers, and a reloading manual.
Always adhere to the cardinal rules of reloading: Double-check your powder charge, inspect every round, and work in a clean, well-lit area. Store your completed ammunition in a secure, dry location away from excessive heat or moisture. Regular equipment maintenance will prolong its life.
Testing Subsonic Loads and Refining Results
Once you have assembled your subsonic 45-70 loads, the next step is to take them to the range and evaluate their performance.
Target and Trajectory
Begin by selecting appropriate targets. Paper targets offer a good way to assess accuracy. Steel targets provide instant feedback, allowing for a more dynamic shooting experience. Always ensure that the targets are set up safely and that the range is clear before firing.
Next, zero your rifle and confirm the trajectory of the loads. Keep in mind that subsonic bullets have a significant trajectory, so knowing your bullet drop is essential.
Accuracy Testing and Data Logging
When testing accuracy, take your time. Make sure you’re well-supported. Shoot multiple groups to get an accurate measure of the load’s performance. Record the size of the groups.
Maintaining a detailed reloading log is essential. Record all the variables for each load: bullet weight, powder type and charge, primer, case, C.O.A.L., and any other relevant information. Note the date, weather conditions, and any other observations that may influence the performance of your loads. This log serves as a valuable resource for future load development and troubleshooting.
Addressing Common Issues
Even the most experienced reloaders can encounter problems. Fortunately, many common issues can be addressed with a systematic approach.
Cycling and Accuracy Problems
One issue is failure to cycle, particularly in lever-action rifles. This often relates to the combination of bullet profile and C.O.A.L. The goal is to create reliable feeding from the magazine. Carefully adjust the C.O.A.L. and the bullet profile and ensure that the rounds feed smoothly.
Inconsistent accuracy is another common problem. This can be caused by several factors. The key is to carefully eliminate variables. Check the powder charge to make sure it’s precise. Inspect your bullet for proper seating.
Pressure Issues
If you experience pressure problems, such as flattened primers or difficult bolt lift, immediately stop firing and disassemble your ammunition. These are serious indicators. The most likely cause is an excessively high powder charge. Carefully review your reloading process, ensuring you have followed all safety protocols.
Referencing reliable reloading manuals and consulting with experienced reloaders is always advisable. Don’t hesitate to seek help.
In Conclusion
Subsonic 45-70 shooting provides a unique and rewarding experience. It allows shooters to achieve quiet and accurate results, ideal for hunting, pest control, and general target shooting.
This article has provided you with the fundamentals of achieving this specialized shooting technique. Careful component selection, methodical reloading practices, and diligent testing are essential.
Remember to always prioritize safety. Reload responsibly and exercise caution.
We encourage you to experiment safely. Take what you’ve learned, research further, and begin loading your own subsonic rounds. Share your experiences.
Enjoy the quiet.
