Safety First: A Non-Negotiable Rule
Magazine Removal
Begin by removing the magazine. Press the magazine release button, located on the side of the receiver, and extract the magazine. Visually inspect the magazine to confirm it’s empty.
Bolt Cycling
Next, pull the charging handle (or bolt handle) to the rear. This action will cycle the bolt, extracting any round that may be in the chamber.
Chamber Inspection
Finally, and most importantly, visually inspect the chamber. Look directly into the chamber to confirm that it is empty. Use a flashlight if necessary to get a clear view. Never rely solely on the feel or sound of the rifle; visual confirmation is the only reliable method.
Essential Tools and Materials
While the field stripping process of the Ruger 10/22 is relatively straightforward, having the right tools makes the job significantly easier and safer. Here’s what you’ll need:
Screwdriver
A flathead screwdriver is essential. The specific size will depend on your 10/22 model. Ensure it fits the action screws snugly to prevent stripping the screw heads.
Cleaning Rod, Bore Brush, and Patches
These are fundamental for cleaning the barrel. The cleaning rod should be of the appropriate caliber, and the bore brush should be designed for .22 caliber firearms. Patches, preferably made of cotton, will be used to swab the bore and remove cleaning solvents and debris.
Gun Cleaning Solvent
A quality gun cleaning solvent is crucial for dissolving powder residue and other contaminants. Choose a solvent specifically designed for firearms.
Gun Oil/Lubricant
After cleaning, you’ll need a gun oil or lubricant to protect the metal components from corrosion and ensure smooth operation. Use a light, non-gumming oil.
(Optional) Small Mallet or Punch
Sometimes, stubborn pins can be difficult to remove. A small mallet or a non-marring punch can be helpful in these situations.
(Optional) Cleaning Mat
A cleaning mat offers a stable and protected workspace.
Dismantling the Receiver from the Stock
This is where the physical separation of your Ruger 10/22 begins. It’s not a complex process, but it needs to be followed with care to prevent damage to the rifle.
Magazine Removal is Crucial
As a constant reminder, before any disassembly, remove the magazine. Double-check that it is empty.
Barrel Band Screw (If Applicable)
If your Ruger 10/22 has a barrel band, locate the screw that secures it. Unscrew and remove the barrel band. This is not a universal feature on all models.
Action Screws or Takedown Screw
Locate the action screws or takedown screw that secure the receiver to the stock. These are usually found on the underside of the stock. Carefully unscrew these screws using the appropriate flathead screwdriver, paying attention to the fit to avoid stripping the screw heads. The takedown models have one single screw holding them together, while standard models typically have two.
Separating the Receiver
Once the action screws or takedown screw are completely removed, you should be able to separate the receiver from the stock. Sometimes, there can be a slight resistance. Gently wiggle the receiver and stock to help them separate.
Removing the Bolt Assembly
With the receiver detached from the stock, you’re ready to remove the bolt assembly. This is where the inner workings of the Ruger 10/22 are more accessible for cleaning.
Positioning the Bolt Handle
Pull the bolt handle (or charging handle) to the rear. This movement retracts the bolt to its rearward position, creating space for its removal.
Bolt Hold-Open Mechanism
Press the bolt hold-open button or lever. This feature, present on most models, holds the bolt open and allows for easy removal. If your rifle doesn’t have this feature, the bolt should still slide out.
Lifting the Bolt
Gently lift the bolt assembly up and out of the receiver. The bolt should slide out smoothly. If it feels obstructed, double-check that the bolt handle is fully retracted. The bolt assembly should now be entirely free of the receiver.
Detailed Bolt Disassembly (Optional)
For a more thorough cleaning, you can further disassemble the bolt. This is not required for routine maintenance, but it can be beneficial if you suspect excessive dirt or grime buildup. This step requires more care.
Extractor Removal
Locate the extractor, a small metal piece on the side of the bolt that grabs the rim of the cartridge case. The extractor is often secured by a pin. It may be easier to remove the extractor pin with a non-marring punch and a mallet. Once the pin is removed, carefully take out the extractor.
Firing Pin and Spring Removal
Carefully depress the firing pin, which will allow for the spring’s removal. Take your time, as springs can be under tension and can become projectiles if mishandled. Slowly release the spring. This should allow the firing pin to be removed.
Optional Disassembly
Additional disassembly beyond this point is generally not necessary for routine cleaning. Attempting to disassemble the bolt further can be risky and may increase the chance of losing small parts or damaging components.
Cleaning and Lubrication: The Heart of Maintenance
With the bolt disassembled (if you chose to do so), it’s time for the cleaning and lubrication phase, where the real care for your Ruger 10/22 begins. This is key to its longevity and performance.
Barrel Cleaning
- Solvent Application: Start by soaking a patch in gun cleaning solvent. Pass the patch through the bore from the chamber end to the muzzle end. Avoid using excessive force.
- Bore Brushing: Attach the bore brush to your cleaning rod and dip it in solvent. Carefully run the bore brush through the bore several times, paying attention to the grooves and rifling.
- Patching: Switch to dry patches. Push them through the bore until the patches come out clean and free of debris.
- Inspection: Inspect the bore for any remaining residue. Repeat the cleaning process if necessary.
Receiver Cleaning
- Wiping: Use a clean cloth or patch to wipe down the inside of the receiver, removing any loose debris or carbon buildup. Solvent can be used to aid this process.
- Bolt Face Cleaning: Pay close attention to the bolt face. This is the area that contacts the cartridge case. Clean it thoroughly to ensure reliable ignition.
Lubrication
- Applying Oil: Apply a light coat of gun oil or lubricant to all moving parts. These include the bolt body, the guide rails within the receiver, and the trigger components (if you disassembled it). Be conservative; a little oil goes a long way.
- Wiping Excess Oil: Wipe off any excess oil with a clean cloth. This is important because excessive oil can attract dirt and debris, potentially leading to malfunctions.
Reassembly: Bringing it Back Together
Now that everything is clean, it’s time to reassemble your Ruger 10/22.
Reassembling the Bolt
- Reinstalling Components: If you disassembled the bolt, carefully reassemble it in the reverse order of disassembly. Insert the firing pin and spring back into place. Reinstall the extractor and extractor pin.
Inserting the Bolt into the Receiver
- Insertion: Carefully insert the bolt assembly back into the receiver. Ensure it slides smoothly and aligns correctly with the guide rails.
Trigger Group Reassembly (If Disassembled)
If you took the trigger group apart, reassemble it now. Be mindful of any small springs or pins. Check the manual for specific diagrams or photos.
Reattaching the Receiver to the Stock
- Alignment: Carefully align the receiver with the stock.
- Screw Tightening: Reinstall the action screws or takedown screw. Tighten them evenly and snugly, but avoid over-tightening, which can damage the stock.
- Barrel Band (If Applicable): Reattach the barrel band (if your 10/22 has one), ensuring the screw is properly tightened.
Function Check: Ensuring Everything Works
Once your Ruger 10/22 is reassembled, perform a thorough function check.
Bolt Action Test
Operate the bolt handle several times to ensure it cycles smoothly. The bolt should move forward and backward without any sticking or resistance.
Trigger and Safety Check
Test the trigger pull. The trigger should function correctly, and the safety should engage and disengage properly. Make sure the safety functions smoothly.
(Optional) Test Firing
After reassembly and function checks, it is generally safe to test fire at a shooting range in a safe and controlled environment.
Common Issues and Troubleshooting
Even with diligent field stripping, you might encounter some common issues. Knowing how to troubleshoot these can save you time and frustration.
Bolt Sticking
If the bolt sticks during reassembly, check the alignment. Ensure the bolt is correctly seated in the receiver and that all components are properly aligned.
Trigger Problems
If the trigger malfunctions, make sure all trigger group components are properly installed and that the trigger components are properly lubricated.
Accuracy Issues
If you experience a decrease in accuracy, check the barrel for obstructions, ensure the action screws or takedown screw are properly tightened, and verify the scope (if equipped) is mounted securely. If problems persist, consult with a gunsmith.
Conclusion: Embracing Responsible Ownership
Field stripping your Ruger 10/22 is more than just a task; it’s a fundamental part of responsible firearm ownership. By regularly field stripping and maintaining your rifle, you’re not just keeping it clean; you’re investing in its longevity, accuracy, and, most importantly, your safety. This guide has provided you with the knowledge and the steps needed to safely field strip and clean your Ruger 10/22. Make it a habit to clean your rifle after each shooting session, or at a minimum, several times a year. This routine will keep your rifle in top condition and will give you years of enjoyment.
Additional Resources
Ruger 10/22 Owner’s Manual
Always refer to the manufacturer’s manual for specific instructions and diagrams.
Online Video Tutorials
Numerous videos demonstrate the field stripping process. Search on video platforms for visual guidance.
Gunsmith Consultation
If you encounter persistent problems, don’t hesitate to seek the expertise of a qualified gunsmith. They have the experience and equipment to diagnose and resolve complex issues.
Field stripping and cleaning your Ruger 10/22 is a straightforward task that will contribute to the rifle’s performance and your safety as a shooter. By making it a regular habit, you can ensure the enjoyment of this iconic rifle for years to come.
