The Enemy Within: Understanding Water’s Effects
Types of Water
Water, in its various forms, poses a significant threat to the functionality and longevity of firearms. The damage isn’t always immediate and catastrophic, but the insidious effects of exposure can be devastating over time.
Water’s power stems from its ability to interact with the materials that make up a gun. Metals, particularly those containing iron, are highly susceptible to rust and corrosion. Corrosion is the chemical process where metals deteriorate due to a reaction with their environment. In the presence of water, this process accelerates, eating away at the metal and weakening structural components.
Consider the difference between freshwater and saltwater. Saltwater, containing dissolved salts and minerals, is far more aggressive. The salt ions act as electrolytes, facilitating the flow of electrons and dramatically speeding up the corrosion process. Freshwater, while less damaging initially, can still lead to rust if not properly addressed.
Even seemingly clean water can contain contaminants that amplify the damage. Industrial run-off, sewage, or even agricultural chemicals can create acidic conditions, further speeding up corrosion.
Immediate and Long-Term Impacts
The immediate impacts of water exposure include a rapid onset of rust. Minute rust spots can quickly spread across the surface of metal components, interfering with the precision fit of parts. Corrosion can bind internal mechanisms, making the firearm difficult or impossible to operate.
Beyond corrosion, wood stocks, common on many firearms, can swell and warp when exposed to water. This can affect the alignment of the barrel and other critical components, ruining accuracy and potentially causing malfunctions.
Water also displaces the lubricants that are essential for smooth and reliable operation. Lubricants create a barrier between metal surfaces, reducing friction and wear. When washed away, metal-on-metal contact increases, leading to accelerated wear and potential damage.
The long-term effects of water exposure can be devastating. Continuous corrosion can lead to the complete failure of internal mechanisms, rendering the firearm inoperable. Even if the gun appears to function initially, the structural integrity of its components may be compromised. The accuracy of the firearm may suffer, turning it into a liability rather than a tool. This is why understanding the potential for damage and what to do to protect your firearm is critical.
What Determines the Outcome: Factors at Play
Firearm Design and Construction
The design and construction of the gun play a significant role. Revolvers, with their simpler internal mechanisms and often more robust construction, may be somewhat more resistant to water damage compared to semi-automatic pistols. The sealed cylinder of a revolver can prevent water from reaching critical internal components. However, even revolvers are vulnerable to rust and corrosion, especially in the cylinder and barrel.
Semi-automatic pistols, with their intricate systems of springs, linkages, and firing mechanisms, are more susceptible to water damage. Water can easily penetrate the slide, receiver, and magazine, leading to rust and potential malfunctions. The firing pin, sear, and other small parts are particularly vulnerable.
Rifles and shotguns exhibit varying levels of vulnerability depending on their design. Bolt-action rifles, with their relatively simple actions, may be more resistant than semi-automatic rifles. The construction materials and the level of water resistance in these different categories will also impact the outcome.
Duration of Submersion
The duration of submersion is critical. Short exposure may only result in surface rust, which can be mitigated with prompt cleaning and maintenance. Prolonged exposure, however, can lead to extensive corrosion and irreversible damage. The longer a firearm is in contact with water, the more severe the consequences. Even brief exposure followed by prolonged storage in a humid environment can allow the corrosion to progress.
Water Temperature
Water temperature also influences the outcome. Higher temperatures can accelerate the chemical reactions that cause corrosion. The warmer the water, the faster the rust develops. Conversely, cold temperatures can present a different set of challenges. Submerging a firearm in extremely cold water can cause the metal components to contract, potentially leading to hairline fractures or other stresses. Freezing can also jam internal mechanisms, rendering the gun inoperable.
Action Time: What to Do if Your Gun Gets Wet
Safety First and Unloading
The moment your firearm comes into contact with water requires immediate and decisive action. Time is of the essence, and the steps taken in the immediate aftermath can significantly impact the outcome.
The first and most critical step is to prioritize safety. Before even touching the firearm, ensure it is unloaded and that the chamber is empty. Remove the magazine and, if possible, visually inspect the chamber and barrel to confirm that no ammunition is present. Never assume the firearm is unloaded. Point the muzzle in a safe direction and handle the firearm with the utmost care.
Cleaning Steps
After ensuring the firearm is unloaded, begin a thorough cleaning. The type of water will determine the approach. For freshwater exposure, begin with rinsing the firearm with clean, fresh water. This helps to remove loose contaminants. For saltwater exposure, rinsing with clean fresh water as soon as possible helps to remove the corrosive salts.
Disassembly is crucial for a thorough cleaning. Consult the firearm’s manual for proper disassembly instructions. Remove all removable parts, including the slide (for pistols), bolt (for rifles), and any internal components that can be safely removed.
Clean each component with appropriate cleaning agents. Use a brush and cleaning solvent specifically designed for firearms. Pay particular attention to the barrel, chamber, and internal mechanisms. Use a brush designed for the barrel to dislodge any debris and remove rust. Solvents help to dissolve grease, grime, and rust.
Drying, Reassembly, and Professional Help
After cleaning, ensure all parts are thoroughly dried. Use compressed air to blow out any remaining water from the crevices and internal mechanisms. You can also use a low-heat oven, but be sure to monitor the temperature and never exceed the manufacturer’s recommended limits.
Once the firearm is completely dry, reassemble it and lubricate all moving parts with a high-quality firearm lubricant. Lubrication prevents friction and reduces the risk of corrosion. Make sure to reassemble the firearm completely and test it after the reassembly is completed.
If the damage appears to be extensive, or if you are unsure of the proper procedures, seek professional help from a qualified gunsmith. A gunsmith can assess the damage, perform necessary repairs, and ensure the firearm is safe and functional.
Proactive Measures: Prevention and Best Practices
Water-Resistant Coatings and Storage
Prevention is always the best approach. Protecting your firearms from water exposure is paramount to their longevity and reliability. Several preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of water damage.
Consider using water-resistant coatings on your firearms. These coatings create a barrier that protects the metal surfaces from moisture and corrosion. There are various types of coatings available, including Cerakote, DuraCoat, and others. These coatings are available in numerous colors and can provide a layer of protection.
Store firearms in waterproof containers when not in use, especially in humid environments or when transporting them. Hard-sided cases with foam padding are ideal. They protect the firearm from physical damage and help to prevent moisture intrusion.
Desiccant Packs and Regular Maintenance
Using desiccant packs inside storage containers is another effective measure. Desiccant packs absorb moisture, creating a dry environment that inhibits rust and corrosion. These packs are available in various sizes and can be easily placed in gun safes, cases, and other storage areas. Replace the desiccant packs periodically to maintain their effectiveness.
Regular maintenance is essential for keeping your firearms in top condition. Clean and inspect your firearms regularly, even if they haven’t been exposed to water. This will help to identify any signs of corrosion or wear before they become major problems.
Proper storage plays a crucial role. Store your firearms in a dry, well-ventilated area. Avoid storing them in damp basements, garages, or sheds. The temperature and humidity level can significantly impact the integrity of the firearm.
The Legal Landscape
Laws and regulations related to firearms vary widely depending on your location. It’s essential to be familiar with the laws in your area regarding firearm ownership and use.
It’s crucial to report a suspected malfunction to local authorities and to follow all guidance from local regulations.
In Conclusion
Do guns still work after being submerged in water? The answer is complex. Water exposure can wreak havoc on firearms, leading to rust, corrosion, and potential malfunctions. However, with prompt action, proper cleaning, and preventative measures, you can often mitigate the damage and preserve your firearm’s functionality. Responsible gun ownership includes understanding the risks, taking preventative measures, and acting quickly when issues arise.
Remember, firearms are powerful tools, and it is important to understand the risks involved and learn how to deal with them.
The information provided in this article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute professional advice. If you have a firearm that has been submerged in water, it is recommended that you seek the assistance of a qualified gunsmith.
