Understanding the Basics of Dove Hunting Shells
Gauge
Selecting the right shotgun shell is far more complex than just grabbing the cheapest box off the shelf. Several key factors influence a shell’s effectiveness, impacting everything from the density of your shot pattern to the distance at which you can reliably hit a dove.
The first consideration is gauge. While various gauges exist, the most popular choices for dove hunting are the 12-gauge and 20-gauge shotguns. The 12-gauge offers a wider pattern and typically packs more shot, often making it a forgiving choice for beginners. However, the 20-gauge is lighter, easier to handle, and, when loaded with the appropriate shell, can be just as effective at dove hunting ranges. The choice really comes down to personal preference, your physical build, and the type of hunting you’ll be doing. A lighter 20 gauge might be ideal for long hunts.
Shell Length
Next, consider the shell length. This refers to the length of the shell after it has been fired. The most common shell length for dove hunting is 2 ¾ inches, a versatile option compatible with most shotguns. There are also shorter shells, typically used for target shooting, and longer shells, which can hold a greater payload but often generate more recoil. Choosing the right shell length ensures compatibility with your shotgun and impacts the number of pellets available for your shot.
Shot Size
Shot size plays a pivotal role. It refers to the diameter of the individual pellets within the shell, and this significantly affects your shot pattern and effective range. For dove hunting, the most widely used shot sizes are #7.5, #8, and #9. Smaller shot sizes, like #9, have a higher pellet count, creating a denser pattern, which is good for closer shots. Larger shot sizes, like #7.5, have more energy per pellet, making them effective at longer ranges. Experimentation is key here. What works for one hunter might not work for another, and the range you are hunting might be different for each.
Shot Weight
Shot weight, measured in ounces, influences how many pellets are packed into the shell. A heavier shot weight, for instance, will result in a tighter pattern, which can be very helpful for hunters in the field.
Velocity
Velocity, measured in feet per second (FPS), is another significant factor. Faster shells reach the target quicker, reducing lead requirements, and are beneficial in windy conditions. Velocity impacts the shot’s range and overall effectiveness. However, higher velocities often translate to increased recoil, so balance is important.
Shot Material
Another vital aspect is the shot material. Lead has long been the standard, offering excellent performance and pattern consistency. However, in some areas, the use of lead shot is restricted or prohibited due to environmental concerns regarding lead contamination. In these regions, non-toxic alternatives like steel, bismuth, or tungsten are mandatory. Steel is the most affordable non-toxic option, but typically offers less density than lead, so you may need a larger shot size. Bismuth and tungsten are more expensive but offer performance closer to lead. Always check local regulations before you go dove hunting to ensure you comply with all applicable rules.
Never underestimate the importance of safety. Always handle your shotgun with care, pointing it in a safe direction, and following all gun safety guidelines. Always wear eye and ear protection when shooting. Understand the range of your shotgun and be aware of your surroundings. It is the responsibility of every hunter to ensure safety above all else.
Key Factors to Consider When Choosing Dove Hunting Shells
Choosing the “best” shotgun shell for dove hunting is not a one-size-fits-all scenario. Several elements should influence your selection. Tailoring your shell choice to these will significantly improve your success rate.
Dove Behavior and Distance
First, consider the dove’s behavior and the distances you typically shoot. Doves often fly at varying speeds and angles. If you primarily hunt in fields where shots tend to be close-range, a denser pattern from a smaller shot size might be optimal. If your hunts are typically at longer distances, a shell with a larger shot size and more effective range is a better choice. Observe the flight paths and typical distances of your quarry to inform your decision.
Hunting Conditions
The weather conditions can significantly impact your shell selection. Windy days can push your shot, making it challenging to lead a dove correctly. In such conditions, a faster shell velocity can help to mitigate the effects of the wind. Heavy rain can also affect your pattern, so choosing shells that offer consistent performance in adverse conditions is a plus.
Your Shooting Skill
Your shooting skill is a crucial factor. Are you a seasoned shooter with years of experience, or are you relatively new to the sport? Beginners might benefit from the forgiving nature of a denser pattern with smaller shot size, while more experienced shooters may be comfortable with a more open pattern and larger shot.
Gun Compatibility
Gun compatibility is paramount. Not all shotguns are created equal, and not all shells are compatible with every gun. Ensure the shells you select are compatible with your shotgun’s gauge, chamber length, and choke. Incorrect shell choices can lead to malfunctions, decreased performance, and even dangerous situations. Consult your gun’s manual or a gunsmith if you are unsure.
Legal Requirements
Finally, be aware of any local legal requirements. Some regions have restrictions on shot size, shot type (lead vs. non-toxic), or shell capacity. Familiarize yourself with these regulations to avoid any legal issues and to support ethical hunting practices.
Recommended Shotgun Shells for Dove Hunting (Specific Brands and Models)
Here are some recommended shotgun shells, based on their reputation, performance, and popularity among dove hunters. Remember, these are simply recommendations; experiment and find the best fit for *your* specific needs.
Shell Option 1: Federal Premium Dove & Target Load
Key Features: Available in 12 and 20 gauge; #7.5 and #8 shot sizes; good overall velocity. These shells are known for their consistent patterns and reliable performance.
Pros: Produces consistent shot patterns, readily available, and reasonably priced. A solid and dependable choice for all types of dove hunting conditions.
Cons: May not offer the highest velocity, making it a bit more challenging at extreme ranges.
Best For: Hunters looking for a reliable, all-around shell suitable for a variety of dove hunting situations. Excellent for beginners and experienced hunters alike.
Shell Option 2: Winchester AA Target Load
Key Features: Known for their excellent quality. Often come in a variety of shot sizes. Designed for target shooting, so they work well for dove hunting as well.
Pros: Offers outstanding patterns and performance. The hulls are known for being reloadable, which can save you money over time.
Cons: Can be slightly more expensive than other options. May be overkill for some dove hunting scenarios, but that is rarely a bad thing.
Best For: Hunters who demand top-tier performance and are willing to invest a bit more for the quality. Great for those who also enjoy reloading.
Shell Option 3: Remington Game Load
Key Features: Available in several gauges and shot sizes. A classic choice, often seen as a staple for bird hunting.
Pros: Reliable performance, typically at a good price. These are an excellent value. Readily available in most sporting goods stores.
Cons: Might not pattern as tightly as some premium shells.
Best For: Hunters looking for a dependable and budget-friendly option that still delivers results in the dove field.
Shell Option 4: Fiocchi Golden Pheasant
Key Features: Considered a premium offering for a variety of hunting, but well-regarded for dove hunting as well. Often includes specialized shot options that may work in certain situations.
Pros: Consistent quality and great patterns, giving excellent results in the field.
Cons: More expensive than standard target loads.
Best For: Experienced hunters who want the best possible performance in order to get the most doves in the field.
Tips for Effective Dove Hunting
Knowing how to select the right shell is only half the battle. Here are a few additional tips to enhance your dove hunting success.
Patterning Your Shotgun
Patterning your shotgun is a critical step. This involves shooting at a target from a set distance to determine the pattern your shotgun throws. Doing this allows you to see how your chosen shell and choke perform. This helps you understand the effective range of your shotgun and gives you the best chance of success when you are out in the field.
Choke Selection
Choke selection is crucial. Chokes control the spread of the shot. For dove hunting, a modified or improved cylinder choke is typically recommended. Modified chokes offer a good balance of pattern density and range, while improved cylinder chokes are better for close-range shooting. Your patterning test will help you determine the ideal choke for your chosen shell and hunting style.
Shooting Technique
Perfect your shooting technique. Dove hunting requires quick reflexes and accurate shooting. Practice leading the birds, accounting for their speed and direction. A smooth follow-through is essential for consistently hitting your targets.
Troubleshooting
Even with the right shells, sometimes things don’t go as planned. Here are some common issues and their possible solutions:
Poor Patterning
If you are experiencing poor patterning, it could be several factors at play. One major issue is the choke. Make sure your choke is appropriate for the distance and the shot size that you are using. Sometimes, the issue is with the gun itself, so it may need a professional opinion. Try a different brand of shell. If the issue persists, have your gun checked by a gunsmith.
Inconsistent Kills
Inconsistent kills are often a sign that your shot pattern is not dense enough, or that you are not hitting the dove in a vital spot. It’s easy to see that you are not getting the result you want, but it can be more difficult to fix. You may have too much choke, or not enough. You may need to adjust the shot size that you are using.
Shell Issues
Shell issues can also arise. If you find your gun is not cycling properly, or if shells are jamming, it may be an issue with your gun’s mechanics. If you see issues with the shells themselves, such as a split hull, stop using that box of shells immediately.
Conclusion
The best shotgun shell for dove hunting is not a static concept but rather a dynamic choice that depends on various factors. By understanding the shell basics, considering the critical influencing factors, and experimenting with different brands and models, you can vastly improve your dove hunting success. Don’t be afraid to try different shells to find what works best with your shotgun, your skill level, and the conditions you are hunting in. Remember that responsible and ethical hunting practices are just as important as choosing the right shell.
The quest for the perfect dove hunting shell is a rewarding journey. It’s a journey of discovery, experimentation, and a deeper appreciation for the sport. By following the advice in this guide, you’re well on your way to filling your game vest and enjoying the thrill of dove hunting season.
