Why the 20 Gauge for Coyotes?
The pursuit of the cunning coyote has captivated hunters for generations. These adaptable predators present a unique challenge, demanding skill, patience, and the right equipment. While the twelve-gauge shotgun often takes center stage in coyote hunting circles, the twenty-gauge shotgun offers a compelling alternative, particularly for hunters seeking a lighter, more manageable firearm. The key to success with a twenty-gauge lies in selecting the appropriate 20 gauge coyote loads. This article delves into the specifics of choosing the ideal shotgun shells, equipping you with the knowledge to effectively hunt these elusive canines.
The appeal of the twenty-gauge for coyote hunting extends beyond its lighter weight. For many hunters, the reduced recoil provides a distinct advantage. Follow-up shots are often crucial in coyote hunting, and the twenty-gauge allows for quicker recovery and more accurate follow-up shots compared to the heavier recoil of a twelve-gauge, particularly for younger hunters or those sensitive to recoil. It’s more comfortable to carry through the wilderness, and a well-placed shot from a properly loaded twenty-gauge can be just as lethal as a shot from its larger counterpart. The inherent balance between power and manageability makes the twenty-gauge a formidable contender in the coyote hunting arena.
However, the twenty-gauge does have its limitations. The most significant of these is its effective range. Generally, a twelve-gauge, especially with heavier loads, can reach out a bit farther. This is primarily due to the greater payload of shot that a twelve-gauge can handle. Hunters using a twenty-gauge need to be mindful of this and focus on close to medium-range opportunities.
Understanding the Anatomy of a Shotgun Shell
To effectively select 20 gauge coyote loads, it’s essential to understand the components of a shotgun shell and how they interact. Each part plays a crucial role in the shell’s overall performance. The primer, situated at the base of the shell, ignites the gunpowder. The powder, carefully measured for optimal performance, propels the shot down the barrel. The wad, a crucial component, serves several functions. It protects the shot from direct contact with the barrel, ensuring a more consistent pattern. It also seals the expanding gases behind the shot column, maximizing pressure and velocity. Finally, the shot itself is the payload, the projectiles that deliver the killing blow.
The performance of any given 20 gauge coyote load hinges on the quality and interaction of these components. The type of powder, the design of the wad, and the shot used will all influence the shell’s velocity, pattern, and overall effectiveness.
The Significance of Shot Size in Coyote Hunting
The shot size is one of the most crucial considerations when choosing 20 gauge coyote loads. This refers to the diameter of the individual pellets contained within the shell. The size of the shot influences the pattern density, penetration, and effective range. Different shot sizes are best suited for specific applications, and understanding these nuances is key to successful coyote hunting.
For coyotes, several shot sizes typically prove effective. BB shot, the largest commonly available, is excellent for close-range shots. The larger pellets carry significant energy, offering exceptional penetration through dense fur and heavy muscle. However, the larger shot size also means a potentially sparser pattern at longer distances.
Smaller than BB shot, #2 shot provides a versatile balance. It offers a good compromise between pattern density and penetration power. It’s a popular choice for many coyote hunters, offering good performance at moderate ranges. The number two shot tends to create a pattern that is more consistent.
Even smaller shot sizes, such as #4, can be effective, particularly in close-quarters hunting. The tighter pattern created with size four shot provides denser coverage. The smaller pellets will cause more fur damage compared to the larger shot sizes.
Selecting the appropriate shot size involves considering several factors: the expected engagement range, the terrain, and the coyote’s anticipated behavior. If shots will be taken at relatively short distances, BB or #2 might be the perfect choice. For shots at a slightly further distance or in more open environments, a #2 shot may be more appropriate.
The Choice Between Lead and Non-Lead Shot
The decision between lead and non-lead shot is another significant consideration when choosing 20 gauge coyote loads. This choice impacts not only performance but also environmental responsibility and regulatory compliance.
Lead shot has long been a staple in shotgun ammunition. It’s relatively inexpensive, readily available, and offers excellent ballistic properties. Lead pellets are dense and maintain velocity well, contributing to effective penetration. However, lead shot presents environmental concerns. Lead can contaminate the environment, and it poses a risk of lead poisoning to animals that ingest it. It is important to know what is legal in your area as many local and federal regulations dictate the use of lead ammunition.
Non-lead alternatives, such as steel, bismuth, and tungsten, are becoming increasingly popular. These materials are environmentally friendlier. They are also gaining traction in the hunting community. Steel shot is a common and more affordable non-lead option. It’s effective but tends to be less dense than lead, which can impact its range and penetration. Bismuth, slightly less dense than lead but more so than steel, is a good option for those who want the best performance without using lead, but it is usually more expensive. Tungsten, an extremely dense metal, offers exceptional performance, delivering high velocity and deep penetration. However, tungsten loads are often significantly more expensive.
The selection between lead and non-lead shot should be based on your personal ethics, local regulations, and desired performance characteristics. For hunting in areas where lead restrictions are in place, non-lead options are mandatory. Evaluate the pros and cons of each type and choose the load that best aligns with your hunting goals and your values.
The Role of Chokes in Patterning
Chokes, which are threaded into the muzzle of the shotgun, further refine the performance of 20 gauge coyote loads. The choke constricts the shot pattern as it leaves the barrel, influencing the density and spread of the pellets at different distances. The proper selection of a choke is a key aspect of optimizing your twenty-gauge for coyote hunting.
A cylinder choke provides the widest pattern. It’s well-suited for close-range shots. As the choke becomes more restrictive, the pattern tightens, concentrating the shot over a smaller area. A modified choke offers a good balance of pattern density and range. It’s an excellent choice for general coyote hunting applications. Full chokes, the most restrictive, produce the tightest patterns, extending the effective range of the shotgun.
Experimentation is key to determining the best choke for your hunting style and the 20 gauge coyote loads you’ve selected. Test your gun with different choke configurations and shot sizes at varying distances. Observe the patterns on paper targets to determine which combination produces the most consistent and effective results. The best pattern will deliver a dense and evenly distributed spread of shot, maximizing the chances of a clean and humane kill.
Establishing Effective Range Through Patterning
The effective range of a 20 gauge coyote load is the distance at which the shell consistently delivers a lethal pattern. Determining this range is not a guess but requires careful patterning of your shotgun. Patterning involves shooting at targets at various distances and analyzing the spread of the shot.
To pattern your shotgun, set up a large paper target at a known distance, usually 30-40 yards. Aim at the center of the target. Fire a single shot. Examine the resulting pattern. Note the number of pellets within a circle representing the vital area of a coyote (e.g., a 10-inch circle). A good pattern will have a sufficient number of pellet strikes within that circle to ensure a clean and ethical kill. Repeat the process at different distances, recording the pattern at each range. This will help you determine the distance at which the pattern becomes too thin to ensure an effective shot.
Your effective range will vary depending on the shotgun, choke, load, and the size of shot you are using. Once you know your effective range, you can confidently take shots within that distance, understanding the likelihood of a successful outcome. Always maintain a conscious awareness of your effective range, and never attempt shots beyond it.
Popular Choices for 20 Gauge Coyote Loads
Several manufacturers produce excellent 20 gauge coyote loads, offering a range of options to suit different hunting scenarios. These loads often feature premium components, ensuring reliable performance and optimal patterns. The following are examples to give you an idea of the quality that can be found, but be sure to check with retailers in your area.
Federal Premium offers a series of specialized coyote loads in the twenty-gauge. These loads often use high-quality shot, designed to deliver exceptional energy and penetration. The ammunition generally uses copper-plated lead or non-lead shot, providing consistent patterns and effective killing power.
Remington Premier loads are another popular choice. Often found loaded with premium shot and reliable components. These loads are designed for accuracy and consistent patterns.
Winchester has a strong reputation for reliable and effective shotgun ammunition. Their 20 gauge coyote loads are no exception. Look for loads featuring premium shot, and carefully crafted wads, for a high level of accuracy.
When choosing a load, consider the shot size, the type of shot (lead or non-lead), the muzzle velocity, and the intended hunting conditions. Reading reviews and speaking with experienced coyote hunters can also provide valuable insight.
Additional Considerations for Coyote Hunting Success
Beyond selecting the right 20 gauge coyote loads, success in coyote hunting depends on several other factors. These include:
- Camouflage and Concealment: Coyotes possess keen senses and excellent eyesight. Effective camouflage, including clothing, face paint, and concealment of your hunting blind, is crucial.
- Calling Techniques: Mastering coyote calling is essential. The use of electronic or mouth-blown calls can attract coyotes to your location. Experiment with different calls and sequences to find what works best in your area.
- Wind and Weather Conditions: Pay close attention to wind direction. Coyotes can easily detect your scent. Weather conditions can also influence coyote activity levels. Adjust your hunting strategy based on these factors.
- Shot Placement and Ethics: Always strive for clean and ethical shots. Aim for the vital areas of the coyote, such as the chest or head. Avoid shots at extreme distances.
Prioritizing Safety
Safety should be your highest priority when hunting. Follow these guidelines:
- Always handle your firearm with respect. Always point the muzzle in a safe direction.
- Be certain of your target before you fire.
- Keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to shoot.
- Use proper eye and ear protection.
- Store your ammunition safely.
Conclusion
Selecting the right 20 gauge coyote loads is critical for success when hunting these cunning predators. By understanding the factors that affect performance, the nuances of shot sizes and shot types, the importance of chokes, and the significance of patterning your shotgun, you can make informed choices and equip yourself for a rewarding and ethical hunt. Pair your chosen ammunition with effective hunting strategies and a commitment to safety, and you will be well on your way to mastering the art of twenty-gauge coyote hunting.
Remember, consistent practice, a dedication to responsible hunting practices, and a respect for the animal are the cornerstones of success. The twenty-gauge shotgun, loaded with the proper ammunition, is more than capable of providing a challenging and fulfilling coyote hunting experience.
