Understanding the Foundations of Turkey Hunting Guns
Shotgun vs. Other Types of Firearms
Turkey hunting, with its unique demands, primarily relies on the power and precision of a shotgun. While other firearms exist, a shotgun offers the ideal combination of close-range lethality and the ability to deliver a dense pattern of shot, crucial for ethically taking down a turkey. Let’s explore the foundational elements of the best turkey hunting gun.
Shotgun selection boils down to a few core choices: gauge, choke, and ammunition. The interplay of these elements dictates the effective range, the pattern density, and the overall performance of your firearm.
Gauge Options for the Modern Turkey Hunter
Several shotgun gauges are viable for turkey hunting, each offering distinct advantages and disadvantages.
The twelve gauge is the heavyweight champion of the turkey woods, and arguably, often the best turkey hunting gun for a majority of hunters. It provides a robust payload, delivering substantial knockdown power at extended ranges. The twelve gauge is also incredibly versatile. Ammunition selection is vast, including a wide array of shot sizes and shell lengths. Its popularity means that accessories like chokes and optics are abundant, and the shotgun itself is easier to find, as well as more likely to be available at a lower cost. The recoil can be considerable, especially with heavier loads and the lighter weight guns, and can be a factor to consider, particularly for youth or smaller framed hunters.
The twenty gauge, gaining popularity, offers a lighter, more manageable package, making it an attractive choice for those who prefer a less cumbersome firearm. The reduced recoil is particularly appealing for younger hunters and anyone sensitive to recoil. While not delivering the same energy as a twelve, the twenty gauge, when properly outfitted with the right ammunition and choke, can still provide lethal results at reasonable distances. Hunters must be more mindful of their effective range, as the pattern density often falls off slightly sooner than a twelve gauge.
Other gauges, like the sixteen gauge and the .410 bore, while historically used, have become less common for turkey hunting due to limitations in effective range and payload. The sixteen gauge, once a respected mid-range option, has largely been eclipsed by the more readily available twenty gauge and twelve gauge. The .410, known for its minimal recoil, often lacks the necessary pattern density and range for consistent success, making it less than ideal for most turkey hunting scenarios.
The Vital Role of Choke Tubes
A choke tube is a constricted portion at the muzzle of the shotgun barrel. Its primary function is to shape the shot pattern, influencing how widely the pellets spread as they leave the barrel. Choosing the right choke is critical for achieving consistent and ethical kills.
Chokes are commonly classified by the degree of constriction they provide. A turkey choke, often the most restrictive, is designed to deliver the tightest possible patterns at extended ranges, maximizing the number of pellets on target. Extra-full chokes offer similar performance. Full chokes offer a slightly more open pattern, useful for slightly closer shots. Modified chokes provide a wider spread and are typically less suitable for turkeys.
Matching your choke tube to your ammunition is vital. Some shell and choke combinations simply perform better together. Experimentation is key!
Selecting the Right Ammunition
The ammunition you choose is equally important to the function of your best turkey hunting gun. It is a crucial part of the equation, and the pattern will vary depending on the ammunition you use.
The size of the shot pellets directly impacts lethality. Smaller shot sizes, such as #7 or #6, provide more pellets per shell, potentially increasing the chances of a hit at closer ranges. However, they may lack the penetration needed for longer shots. Larger shot sizes, such as #4 or #5, offer better penetration and stopping power at longer distances but typically result in a slightly less dense pattern.
Shell length, whether three inches, three and a half inches or something in between, plays a crucial role. Longer shells hold more shot, potentially leading to denser patterns and increased range. However, they also generate more recoil and require a shotgun chambered for the longer length.
Modern turkey loads utilize advanced technologies to improve pattern density and range. These include heavier-than-lead shot materials like tungsten super shot (TSS), which provide superior energy density and penetration. TSS pellets are denser, allowing for tighter patterns and increased effective range compared to traditional lead shot. These loads, while often more expensive, are a worthwhile investment for maximizing your chances of success and reducing the risk of wounding birds.
Essential Features to Consider in Your Ideal Turkey Gun
Beyond the basics, several key features influence the performance and usability of your turkey gun. Carefully considering these factors will help you tailor your selection to your individual needs and hunting style.
Barrel length impacts both your range and maneuverability. Longer barrels, typically twenty-six to thirty inches, can contribute to improved accuracy and velocity, potentially extending your effective range. Shorter barrels, between twenty and twenty-four inches, are more maneuverable in the dense environments often encountered during turkey hunts, and make the gun easier to wield in a blind. The optimal length depends on your hunting style and the terrain you typically hunt.
The stock and the fit of the gun are critical for consistent accuracy and comfort. Proper fit allows you to shoulder the gun naturally, ensuring your eye aligns with the sights. Too short or too long a stock can lead to poor shooting form and reduced accuracy. Consider adjustable stocks or guns that allow for different stock lengths to ensure the best fit.
Sights, whether bead sights, iron sights, or optics, help you aim accurately. Bead sights, the most basic, are adequate for close-range shots. Iron sights provide a more precise aiming system. Red dot sights and scopes offer enhanced accuracy, especially at longer ranges, and provide a clearer sight picture in low-light conditions. Choose sights based on your preference and the type of hunting you plan to do.
Concealment is paramount in the turkey woods. A camouflaged gun helps to break up your silhouette, making it more difficult for wary turkeys to spot you. Many manufacturers offer guns pre-camouflaged, or you can apply a camouflage pattern yourself.
The weight and balance of the gun affect portability and handling. Lighter guns are easier to carry during long hunts. Balanced guns, with a good distribution of weight, are easier to swing and point. Consider these factors when making your decision, especially if you plan to spend a lot of time on the move.
Recommendations for the Best Turkey Hunting Gun
Choosing the ideal turkey gun is a personal decision. The “best” one depends on your budget, experience, and hunting style. The recommendations below offer a starting point.
*Best All-Around*
The Remington 870 is a time-tested pump-action shotgun that offers a solid foundation for turkey hunting. Its reliability, versatility, and affordability make it a great choice for both beginners and experienced hunters. The 870 is a workhorse, offering consistent performance in various conditions. The manufacturer provides various customization options with aftermarket accessories to make it your ideal best turkey hunting gun for you, and its affordability helps to offset the cost of those upgrades.
*Best Budget Option*
The Mossberg Maverick 88 is a pump-action shotgun known for its affordability and reliability. It offers many of the same features as higher-priced guns but at a more accessible price point, making it an excellent choice for budget-conscious hunters. It’s a reliable choice for those new to the sport who want a dependable, budget-friendly firearm.
*Best for Beginners*
The Benelli Nova is a reliable pump-action shotgun that is very well-suited for new hunters due to its simple operation, and comfortable ergonomics. The design is straightforward, making it easy to learn the basics. The gun’s weight helps absorb recoil, and the overall design is comfortable.
*Best Lightweight Option*
The Weatherby SA-08 is a semi-automatic shotgun known for its lightweight design and smooth shooting. This is the perfect choice if you prefer something lighter and more comfortable on the move. It will provide reliable performance without weighing you down.
Tips for a Successful Gun Selection
Once you have narrowed down your options, consider these tips.
Trying out your potential turkey gun before purchasing is essential. Test the gun’s feel and comfort. Handle different models at your local gun shop or, ideally, borrow or rent the gun for a test run. Ensure the gun fits you well and feels natural when you shoulder it.
Patterning your gun is a critical step. Set up a paper target at various distances and fire several shots at it. Observe the pattern of your shot to see how it performs at different yardages and with different loads. This will provide valuable data on the gun’s effective range and help you fine-tune your setup.
Research is your friend. Read reviews, compare specifications, and seek advice from experienced hunters. Learn from other people’s experiences to make informed decisions. Talk to friends, family, or gun shop staff to learn about their choices.
Think about where you will be hunting. Do you hunt in open fields or dense forests? Do you take long shots, or are the shots closer to you? Knowing your environment will help you determine the barrel length, choke, and ammunition you need.
Essential Accessories and Gear to Enhance Your Hunt
Equipping yourself with the right accessories can greatly enhance your turkey hunting experience.
A turkey vest is a must-have for carrying ammunition, calls, and other essential gear. Look for a vest with plenty of pockets and compartments to organize your equipment efficiently.
Shooting sticks or a bipod can provide additional stability for your shots, especially at longer ranges. These tools will also reduce fatigue on long hunts.
A gun sling will make carrying your gun easier and more comfortable, especially if you’re covering a lot of ground.
A cleaning kit is essential to keep your gun in top condition. Regularly cleaning your firearm ensures its reliability and extends its lifespan.
Safety and Legal Considerations
Safety is paramount when handling any firearm. Always follow these rules.
Handle all guns as if they are loaded. Keep the muzzle pointed in a safe direction. Know your target and what is beyond it. Never point a gun at anything you are not willing to destroy. Keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to shoot.
Familiarize yourself with all state and local hunting regulations. Obtain any necessary permits and licenses. Understand the legal requirements for firearm ownership and use in your area.
Conclusion
Selecting the best turkey hunting gun is a journey of exploration, research, and personal preference. By considering gauge, features, and your own hunting style, you can find the perfect firearm for your needs. Take the time to explore the options, experiment with different setups, and prioritize safety above all else. By taking these steps, you will be well on your way to enjoying a successful and ethical turkey hunting experience.
As you gear up for the upcoming season, remember that a well-chosen shotgun is just the beginning. Embrace the challenge, respect the traditions of the hunt, and take pleasure in the unique satisfaction that comes from outsmarting a magnificent tom turkey. Happy hunting!
