What is a Suppressor?
The Basics
The world of firearms can often feel like a complex maze, filled with nuanced regulations and a language all its own. One area that frequently sparks curiosity and, understandably, confusion, is the legality surrounding suppressors, often referred to as silencers. In the state of Washington, the question of whether you can buy suppressors isn’t a simple “yes” or “no.” It’s a matter of understanding both federal and state regulations. This guide aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the laws governing suppressor ownership in Washington, demystifying the process and providing clear, concise information.
Beyond Silence
Before diving into the specifics of Washington law, it’s important to understand what a suppressor is and what it *isn’t*. Contrary to popular belief, primarily fueled by Hollywood, a suppressor doesn’t make a firearm completely silent. Instead, it reduces the noise produced by the discharge of a firearm. This is achieved by capturing the rapidly expanding gases that are released when a bullet exits the barrel, allowing them to cool and dissipate more slowly.
Benefits of a Suppressor
The benefits of using a suppressor extend beyond simply making the sound quieter. Hearing protection is a significant advantage. Repeated exposure to the loud noise of gunfire can lead to permanent hearing damage, and suppressors help to mitigate this risk. Further, the reduced recoil, which is often a byproduct of the gas manipulation within a suppressor, can improve a shooter’s accuracy and comfort. This is particularly beneficial for those involved in competitive shooting, hunting, or even just recreational target practice.
Federal Regulations: The Foundation
The Role of the ATF
The landscape of suppressor ownership begins at the federal level, primarily overseen by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). The ATF is responsible for enforcing the National Firearms Act (NFA) of 1934, a pivotal piece of legislation that significantly shaped the regulation of firearms, including suppressors.
The National Firearms Act
The NFA classifies suppressors as “NFA items,” meaning they are subject to specific requirements. These requirements form the bedrock of suppressor ownership across the United States, including in Washington. If you’re considering acquiring a suppressor, you must be aware of these key federal stipulations.
Requirements for Ownership
The first step is a thorough background check. This is conducted by the ATF to ensure that the prospective buyer is legally eligible to own a firearm and an NFA item. This process involves submitting fingerprints and photographs, which are crucial components of the application.
Next, there is the requirement for registration. The prospective buyer must register the suppressor with the ATF. This registration process involves the completion of a specific form, typically ATF Form 4, and it includes detailed information about the suppressor, the buyer, and the designated dealer (if applicable).
Then comes the tax stamp. Perhaps the most significant financial aspect of the process is the $200 tax that must be paid to the ATF for each suppressor purchased. This tax is essentially a levy on the purchase of the NFA item.
Finally, there is the waiting period. This period can vary but often stretches for several months. During this time, the ATF reviews the application, conducts background checks, and, if all requirements are met, approves the transfer of the suppressor. This waiting period underscores the comprehensive nature of the regulatory framework. The whole process is often quite time consuming, as the ATF is often backlogged with paperwork.
Interstate Transfers
It’s also worth noting that interstate transfers of suppressors, meaning moving a suppressor across state lines, are subject to specific federal regulations. Generally, this involves the submission of additional paperwork and the need for the suppressor to be transferred through a licensed dealer in the destination state.
Washington State Law: The Specifics
Legality in Washington
So, can you buy suppressors in Washington? The straightforward answer is yes, but with caveats. Washington State law *generally* allows the ownership of suppressors. However, as with any firearm-related purchase, it is crucial to understand how Washington’s laws interact with federal regulations.
State Law’s Interaction
Washington law, for the most part, defers to federal law. The state itself does not impose many additional restrictions *beyond* the federal guidelines. But, it is always best to confirm the latest state regulations as they can change with time.
Age and Criminal History
Age requirements are a key factor. Generally, you must be at least 21 years old to purchase a suppressor, matching the federal requirement for purchasing a firearm from a licensed dealer.
Criminal history restrictions are, of course, applicable. Individuals with a felony conviction or other disqualifying criminal history, as defined by both federal and state law, are prohibited from owning suppressors.
The Combined Effect
Understanding how state laws integrate with federal regulations is paramount. As long as you adhere to both, you are generally on safe ground.
The Buying Process: A Step-by-Step Guide
Finding a Licensed Dealer
The journey to acquiring a suppressor in Washington can seem complex, but breaking it down into manageable steps makes it much more approachable.
Begin your journey by finding a licensed dealer. This is a critical first step. You’ll need to locate a dealer who is a licensed Federal Firearms License (FFL) holder *and* is specifically licensed as a Class 3 dealer. These dealers are authorized to deal in NFA items, including suppressors.
Selecting a Suppressor
With a dealer in place, the next step is to select a suppressor. Consider the caliber of your firearms, the type of shooting you intend to do (hunting, target practice, etc.), and any specific features you desire. Dealers often have suppressors in stock or can order them for you.
Paperwork and Applications
Next, you will complete the necessary paperwork. This typically involves ATF Form 4, a detailed application that provides information about you, the suppressor, and the dealer facilitating the transfer. The dealer will guide you through the completion of this form.
Fingerprints and Photographs
The next requirement, as per federal law, is submitting fingerprints and photographs. The dealer will usually facilitate this process, capturing the necessary biometric data. This will be sent to the ATF.
Paying the Tax Stamp
Then comes the tax stamp. You’ll need to pay the $200 tax stamp, which the dealer will usually handle.
Background Checks
Subsequently, the dealer will initiate a background check, verifying your eligibility to own a firearm and a suppressor. The background check is performed by the ATF.
The Waiting Period
Then, you wait. The application is submitted, and the waiting game begins. This is the most challenging aspect of the process for many, as ATF approval times can vary. Be patient.
Possession of the Suppressor
Once the ATF approves your application, the dealer will notify you. Upon receiving approval, you can take possession of your suppressor. The dealer will assist with the final steps of the transfer.
Dealer Expertise
Navigating this process can be daunting, and it’s where the expertise of a knowledgeable dealer is invaluable. They can answer your questions and guide you through each step.
Online Retailers and Local Dealers
Consider online retailers, but understand the process involves a local dealer. Many online retailers sell suppressors, but they are legally required to transfer them through a licensed dealer in your area. You’ll still need to work with a local dealer for the background check, registration, and transfer process.
Storage and Use
Safe Storage
After purchasing a suppressor, you’ll want to consider safe storage practices. Suppressors should be stored in a secure location, just as you would store any firearm. This is an important step to ensure your legal compliance and personal safety.
Legal Uses
The legal uses of suppressors in Washington are generally aligned with the legal uses of firearms. You can use a suppressor for hunting, target shooting, and other lawful activities, provided you are following all applicable hunting laws, range rules, and other regulations.
Restrictions
There are, however, potential restrictions. Using a suppressor in the commission of a crime is, of course, illegal. Ensure you are aware of and comply with all local and state laws regarding the legal and responsible use of firearms and accessories.
Concealed Carry
Regarding carrying a suppressed firearm, this is allowed, generally, but you must comply with any state-specific laws related to concealed carry if you choose to do so. Again, research the specific laws.
Potential Changes in the Law
Staying Informed
The legal landscape surrounding firearms, including suppressors, can evolve. It’s always beneficial to stay informed about any potential changes to federal or state laws. Gun rights advocacy groups and legal publications frequently provide updates.
Legislative Updates
Keep abreast of any pending legislation or amendments that might affect the legality or regulations of suppressors. Staying informed is crucial to remaining compliant and exercising your rights responsibly.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the answer to the question “Can You Buy Suppressors in Washington?” is generally yes, *provided you meet all the federal and state requirements.* The process, while detailed, is manageable with proper guidance and a clear understanding of the laws. Remember to find a licensed dealer, complete the necessary paperwork, undergo a background check, pay the required tax, and patiently await ATF approval.
Owning a suppressor in Washington is a right that comes with responsibilities. By following the law and practicing safe firearm handling, you can enjoy the benefits of suppressors while contributing to the responsible ownership of firearms in Washington.
*Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Laws are subject to change. Always consult with legal professionals to ensure you are acting in accordance with the most current applicable laws.*
