The Importance of Breaking In Your AR-15
Owning an AR-15 is a significant responsibility and a source of pride for many firearm enthusiasts. These versatile rifles are lauded for their modularity, accuracy potential, and adaptability to various shooting scenarios. However, the true potential of an AR-15 isn’t always immediately apparent right out of the box. Like any precision instrument, an AR-15 benefits greatly from a proper break-in procedure. This process, often overlooked, can significantly influence the rifle’s reliability, accuracy, and overall lifespan. This guide delves into the intricacies of breaking in an AR-15, providing a comprehensive understanding of why it matters and how to achieve peak performance.
Enhanced Reliability
A well-broken-in AR-15 is far less likely to experience malfunctions. During the manufacturing process, microscopic imperfections can exist in the metal surfaces of the barrel, bolt carrier group, and other components. As the rifle is fired, these surfaces gradually smooth out, reducing friction and allowing for smoother cycling of the action. This smoother action minimizes the likelihood of failures to feed, failures to extract, or failures to eject – all common issues that can disrupt your shooting experience.
Improved Accuracy
Breaking in the barrel of an AR-15 plays a vital role in achieving optimal accuracy. The initial rounds fired can slightly distort the barrel, causing inconsistencies in bullet flight. By meticulously cleaning and firing the rifle during the break-in process, you allow the barrel to settle and establish consistent barrel vibrations. This leads to tighter shot groups and more predictable point of impact. A well-broken-in barrel will consistently deliver more accurate results at various distances.
Increased Lifespan
The break-in process also contributes to the longevity of your AR-15. By smoothing out rough surfaces and minimizing friction, you reduce the wear and tear on critical components. This can extend the lifespan of your barrel, bolt carrier group, and other parts, saving you money on replacements and ensuring your rifle remains operational for years to come. Properly breaking in your AR-15 is an investment in its future performance and reliability.
Initial Preparations
Before you even consider firing your new AR-15, several initial preparations are crucial to ensure a safe and effective break-in experience.
Safety First
This is the paramount concern. Always treat every firearm as if it were loaded. Before handling your AR-15, ensure it is unloaded. Visually inspect the chamber and magazine well to confirm that they are empty. Keep the muzzle pointed in a safe direction at all times. Wear appropriate eye protection (shooting glasses) and hearing protection (earmuffs or earplugs) throughout the entire process. Familiarize yourself with all safety protocols and your specific firearm’s manual of operation.
Gathering Supplies
Having the right tools and supplies ready will make the break-in process smoother and more efficient. You will need high-quality ammunition appropriate for your AR-15, cleaning supplies (bore cleaner, solvent, gun oil/lubricant, cleaning rod, patches, bore brush), a cleaning mat, and potentially tools for disassembly and reassembly, such as a punch set and armorer’s wrench, depending on your model. Invest in a good quality bore cleaner specifically designed for firearms. Gun oil or lubricant is essential for smooth operation and to protect the metal components.
Inspecting the Rifle
Take the time to thoroughly inspect your new AR-15 before you begin firing it. Check for any obvious damage or manufacturing defects. Ensure all components are properly assembled and functioning correctly. Read the owner’s manual carefully to familiarize yourself with the rifle’s features, operation, and maintenance procedures. Knowing your firearm’s design and specifications is crucial for its proper care and operation.
The Breaking In Process
The break-in process is not a race; it requires patience and attention to detail. Here’s a breakdown of the key steps involved:
Barrel Break-In
This is arguably the most critical aspect of the break-in process. The goal is to remove any imperfections or machining marks within the barrel and allow it to settle in. Start by thoroughly cleaning the barrel before you fire the first round. Then, fire a small number of rounds, such as one, three, or five, depending on the barrel’s manufacturer’s recommendations. After firing those rounds, clean the bore with a quality bore cleaner or solvent. Use a cleaning rod and patches to remove any carbon fouling, copper, or other residue. Consider using a bore brush to loosen stubborn deposits, but avoid excessive scrubbing, which could damage the rifling.
Bolt Carrier Group Break-In
The bolt carrier group (BCG) is the heart of the AR-15’s cycling mechanism. Proper lubrication of the BCG is essential for smooth and reliable operation. Apply a small amount of high-quality gun oil or lubricant to the bolt carrier, the bolt itself, and the cam pin. Cycle the action manually repeatedly. This will help to distribute the lubricant and smooth out any friction points. This process involves pulling back the charging handle and allowing the bolt carrier group to cycle forward and backward within the receiver. Continue this action many times to ensure the components seat properly.
Testing and Assessing
As you progress through the break-in, it’s essential to monitor the rifle’s performance. Fire a few groups of shots at a known distance (e.g., 50 or 100 yards) to assess accuracy. Look for any signs of malfunctions, such as failures to feed, extract, or eject. Adjust the cleaning schedule and lubrication practices based on your observations. If you experience frequent malfunctions, consider consulting a gunsmith or the manufacturer for assistance. Carefully observe how the rifle functions and adjust the cleaning frequency based on your findings.
Ongoing Cleaning and Lubrication
Even after the break-in process is complete, regular cleaning and lubrication are essential for maintaining your AR-15’s performance and reliability. Clean your rifle after each shooting session, or at least after every few hundred rounds. Properly lubricate all moving parts to reduce friction and prevent wear. Also, inspect your rifle regularly for any signs of damage or wear and tear. Address any issues promptly to prevent them from escalating.
Ammunition Considerations
The ammunition you choose can significantly impact the break-in process and the overall performance of your AR-15.
Choosing the Right Ammunition
Using high-quality ammunition is essential. Consider the bullet weight, type, and manufacturer. Some AR-15s may perform better with specific bullet weights or types of ammunition. Experiment with different brands and loads to find what performs best in your rifle. Refer to your rifle’s manual for recommended bullet weight ranges.
Avoiding Over-Pressured Loads
Avoid using ammunition that is known to generate excessive pressures. Such loads can damage your rifle and are, in general, dangerous to use. Stick to reputable brands and comply with the manufacturer’s specifications.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
While the break-in process is straightforward, several common mistakes can hinder its effectiveness.
Over-Lubrication
Applying too much lubricant can actually attract dirt and debris, leading to malfunctions. Use a moderate amount of high-quality gun oil or lubricant, focusing on the areas that experience friction.
Neglecting Safety Procedures
Safety must always be the top priority. Never compromise safety by failing to use proper eye and ear protection, or by improperly handling firearms.
Skipping or Rushing the Break-In Process
Be patient and thorough. Rushing the process or skipping steps can undermine the benefits of breaking in your AR-15.
Using Low-Quality Ammunition
Poor-quality ammunition can cause malfunctions and reduce accuracy. Investing in quality ammunition is essential for both safety and performance.
Ignoring the Rifle’s Manual
The owner’s manual contains valuable information about your rifle’s specific features, operation, and maintenance procedures. Refer to it frequently and follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.
Troubleshooting and Maintenance
Even with careful break-in and maintenance, issues can still arise.
Addressing Malfunctions
Familiarize yourself with common AR-15 malfunctions and how to clear them. Practice clearing drills to quickly resolve issues on the range. If a malfunction is persistent, consult a qualified gunsmith.
Ongoing Maintenance
Regular cleaning, lubrication, and inspection are crucial for your AR-15’s longevity and optimal performance. Replace worn or damaged parts as needed. Ensure all components are functioning properly and maintaining the structural integrity of the rifle.
Conclusion
Breaking in an AR-15 is an important step that often gets overlooked but which is essential for unlocking the full potential of your firearm. It’s a process that requires patience, attention to detail, and adherence to safety protocols. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can significantly enhance the reliability, accuracy, and lifespan of your AR-15. Embracing the break-in process allows you to experience the rifle’s optimal performance for years to come. Remember, a well-maintained and properly broken-in AR-15 will consistently deliver superior results and provide an enhanced shooting experience.
