Why Reload 5.56 Subsonic?
Benefits of Subsonic Ammunition
The world of shooting, particularly for enthusiasts of the AR-15 platform, offers a fascinating spectrum of possibilities. One such area, that has gained popularity, is the realm of subsonic ammunition. This specialized ammunition is designed to travel at a velocity below the speed of sound, yielding a unique set of benefits.
One of the most significant advantages is the reduction in noise. When a bullet travels faster than the speed of sound, it generates a sharp “crack” known as a sonic boom. Subsonic rounds, by staying below the sound barrier, eliminate this sonic boom, resulting in a significantly quieter report. This characteristic is especially beneficial when using a suppressor or silencer, as it maximizes the effectiveness of the device, offering a truly quiet shooting experience.
Another advantage is the reduction in recoil. Subsonic rounds, by using smaller powder charges to achieve lower velocities, often produce a softer recoil impulse. This is beneficial for shooters of all experience levels, making it easier to stay on target for follow-up shots and improving overall comfort during extended shooting sessions.
Subsonic ammunition also has applications in specific shooting environments. For example, in indoor ranges or situations where noise restrictions are in place, subsonic loads provide a more considerate alternative, minimizing disturbances to others. Subsonic rounds are often used for training exercises where controlled noise levels are paramount.
Advantages of Reloading
Reloading subsonic 5.56 offers a series of tangible benefits as well. The ability to reload allows for cost savings over buying factory-loaded subsonic ammunition. The costs of components, over time, tend to become less than that of buying new ammunition.
Reloading also grants shooters control over the specific characteristics of their ammunition. Reloading allows for customization to achieve certain performance goals. The reloader can experiment with different bullet weights, designs, and powders to optimize accuracy, expansion, and other desired traits.
Finally, reloading provides a means of ensuring component availability. During times of ammunition shortages, reloading can provide a self-sufficient way of supplying oneself with 5.56 ammunition.
Safety First: Essential Considerations
The Importance of Safety
Before embarking on the journey of **5.56 subsonic reloading**, it’s imperative to emphasize that this is a potentially dangerous activity. Improper reloading practices can lead to serious injury or death. This section is arguably the most crucial. Always exercise extreme caution. Reloading, like any precision activity involving potential explosives, demands meticulous attention to detail and a commitment to safe practices. Incorrectly loaded ammunition can cause damage to firearms and, more importantly, physical harm to the shooter and those nearby. Never take shortcuts, and always prioritize safety above all else.
Essential Equipment and Tools
The foundation of safe reloading rests on having the right equipment and tools. These include:
- Reloading Press: A sturdy reloading press is the heart of the operation, used for sizing, de-priming, priming, and seating bullets.
- Dies: Dies are specialized tools used for the various stages of reloading, including sizing the case, expanding the neck, seating the bullet, and crimping.
- Powder Scale: A sensitive and accurate powder scale is essential for precisely measuring powder charges.
- Calipers: Calipers are used to measure case length, cartridge overall length (COL), and other dimensions, ensuring consistency and safety.
- Case Trimmer: A case trimmer is used to trim brass cases to the correct length after firing, crucial for consistent performance.
- Priming Tool: This tool seats primers into the primer pockets of the cases.
- Components: These include bullets, brass casings, primers, and the powder used to propel the bullet.
Safety Procedures
Beyond the tools, adherence to strict safety procedures is paramount. Always inspect brass casings thoroughly before reloading. Look for any signs of damage, such as cracks, bulges, or excessive wear. Discard any suspect cases to prevent potential failures. Start with the minimum recommended powder load and *gradually* work your way up, monitoring for pressure signs.
The signs of overpressure can include flattened primers, difficult bolt extraction, and bulging or damaged cases. If any of these signs are observed, stop reloading immediately and consult a reliable reloading manual or experienced reloader. It is always a good idea to reload single rounds at first to test the ammunition.
Remember never to mix different powders or load data. Using the wrong powder can cause dangerous pressure spikes. Always follow the specific load data for the components used, and never deviate from the recommended amounts.
Components for 5.56 Subsonic Reloading
Bullet Selection
Selecting the correct components is critical for achieving safe and effective subsonic loads. Careful choices will ensure reliable function and potentially lead to better accuracy.
Bullets are at the core of any successful subsonic load. Bullet weight is a primary consideration. For **5.56 subsonic reloading**, bullet weights typically range from 150 grains to 220 grains. The heavier the bullet, the lower the velocity needed to remain subsonic.
Bullet design also plays a role. Choices include full metal jacket (FMJ), hollow point (HP), and lead bullets. For use with suppressors, bullet stability and expansion are important considerations.
Brass Preparation
Brass selection is another important step. You will need brass cases that have been previously fired. Inspect used brass, and ensure that it is in good condition. Cleaning and preparation are essential. Use a case tumbler or ultrasonic cleaner. Sizing and trimming brass to the correct length are essential for consistent performance.
Primers and Powder
Primers ignite the powder charge. Primer type is also important. Small rifle primers are typically used for **5.56 subsonic reloading**.
Choosing the right powder is one of the most critical parts of the process. Slow-burning powders are generally *not* suitable for subsonic loads. Powders that burn efficiently and are suited for the desired velocity range are essential. Be advised that experimentation is key, but requires careful and diligent note-taking.
Loading Data and Best Practices
Disclaimer
***Disclaimer:*** *The information provided in this section is for informational purposes only. Always cross-reference data with multiple reputable sources before reloading and start with the minimum recommended powder loads. Reloading can be dangerous, and the user assumes all risk and liability.*
Finding Load Data
Finding trustworthy load data is essential for safe and effective **5.56 subsonic reloading**. There are multiple resources where you can find this data, including:
- Reloading manuals from reputable manufacturers such as Lyman, Speer, and Hornady. These manuals offer comprehensive data, often including bullet weights, powder types, charge weights, and cartridge overall lengths. Always cross-reference data to ensure you have the most up-to-date and accurate information.
- Online forums and reloading communities provide a platform for experienced reloaders to share information and insights. Use online sources such as the forums dedicated to reloading. Be sure to read and understand the safety disclaimers of each source.
- Powder manufacturers’ websites, like Hodgdon and Alliant, frequently publish load data.
- It is also possible to consult with gunsmiths or experienced reloaders.
Example Load Data
Here are a couple of *example* load suggestions. *Always start with the minimum load and carefully work your way up, monitoring for pressure signs.*
Example Load 1:
- Bullet Weight: 220-grain bullet
- Powder: X powder
- Starting Load: X.X grains (ALWAYS START LOW)
- Maximum Load: X.X grains (ONLY IF PUBLISHED AND CROSS-REFERENCED)
- COL: X.XXX inches
- Estimated Velocity: Around X feet per second.
*CRITICAL WARNING: ALWAYS START LOW AND WORK UP SLOWLY.*
*CRITICAL WARNING: Monitor for pressure signs.*
Example Load 2:
- Bullet Weight: 150-grain bullet
- Powder: Y powder
- Starting Load: Y.Y grains (ALWAYS START LOW)
- Maximum Load: Y.Y grains (ONLY IF PUBLISHED AND CROSS-REFERENCED)
- COL: Y.YYY inches
- Estimated Velocity: Around Y feet per second
*CRITICAL WARNING: ALWAYS START LOW AND WORK UP SLOWLY.*
*CRITICAL WARNING: Monitor for pressure signs.*
Reloading Steps
The process of reloading requires multiple steps. Start by preparing brass. Clean brass, resize the cases, and trim them to the correct length. De-burr and chamfer case mouths.
Next, prime the cases by using the priming tool to seat the primers in the primer pockets. This process ensures proper and consistent ignition.
Then, measure the powder charge using a powder measure. Carefully weigh each charge using a digital scale. This confirms consistent powder charges and prevents overcharging.
Next, carefully seat the bullet. This stage is when COL becomes critical. Use a bullet-seating die to set the bullet to the correct COL specified in your load data.
Finally, crimp the loaded rounds if necessary. Crimping the bullet into the case mouth increases bullet tension, potentially improving accuracy and consistency. Check each loaded round for proper COL and any visual defects.
Remember, meticulous attention to detail during each step is essential for safety and accuracy.
Troubleshooting
Common Issues
Even with careful adherence to the reloading process, issues can arise. Understanding common problems and their solutions is essential.
Failure to cycle is a common issue, particularly in semi-automatic rifles. Causes include insufficient gas pressure, spring rates, bullet selection, or improper powder selection. Solutions involve checking the gas system, spring rates, and the load itself. Adjusting the load parameters, such as powder charge, can often resolve cycling problems.
Accuracy issues can arise, including poor grouping. Potential causes include bullet selection, powder selection, COL, and other factors. Working up a load, testing, and refining can solve these issues.
Pressure signs, such as flattened primers or difficult bolt extraction, demand immediate attention. Stop reloading immediately and review load data. Consult a reloading manual or experienced reloader for guidance.
Velocity issues also deserve attention. A chronograph can provide valuable data, and enable the reloader to make necessary adjustments.
Record all your reloading data in a log book.
Testing and Refinement
Testing and Data Gathering
Before committing to a specific load, thorough testing is necessary. This can require careful observation and attention to detail.
Testing is best performed at a shooting range. Using a chronograph is highly recommended to measure the bullet’s velocity accurately.
Load Development
To develop a load, start by working up loads incrementally, such as increasing powder charges, and testing each batch. Evaluate both accuracy and reliability. This may require extensive range time.
Document each step and record your findings. Once the load is finalized, document the information.
Legal Considerations
It’s important to understand the legal requirements related to both suppressors/silencers and ammunition reloading. These laws and regulations can vary, so understanding your local requirements is key. Failure to comply with these regulations can result in severe penalties.
Conclusion
**5.56 subsonic reloading** offers a unique and rewarding experience. This guide provides information about the reloading process, safety, and data. It emphasizes that meticulous attention to detail, unwavering adherence to safety protocols, and a commitment to accuracy are paramount. Reloading allows for customization, cost savings, and potentially improved shooting performance. Remember always to start with the minimum powder load and to cross-reference data with multiple reliable sources.
Prioritize safety, conduct thorough research, and practice responsible reloading.
Resources
- Links to reloading manuals (e.g., Lyman, Speer, Hornady).
- Links to powder manufacturers’ websites (e.g., Hodgdon, Alliant).
- Links to bullet manufacturers’ websites.
- Links to reputable online reloading forums.
