Understanding the Iconic Cartridge
The Historical Significance
The crack of the shot, the smell of gunpowder, the tumbleweeds rolling across the dusty range – Cowboy Action Shooting is more than just a sport; it’s a vibrant tapestry woven from history, camaraderie, and the thrill of the Wild West. At the heart of this captivating pastime lies the venerable .45 Long Colt cartridge, a round that has etched its mark on American history and continues to reign supreme in the world of CAS. This article delves into the intricacies of the 45 Long Colt Cowboy Load, providing a comprehensive guide for those eager to experience the authentic feel and performance of this iconic cartridge.
Cartridge Dimensions
The .45 Long Colt, also known as the .45 Colt, isn’t merely a bullet; it’s a legend. Born in the mid-nineteenth century, it was a direct response to the military’s need for a more powerful and reliable revolver round. Colt’s Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company, in collaboration with the U.S. Army, developed the .45 Long Colt in the 1870s. This powerful cartridge quickly became a favorite of both soldiers and civilians.
The cartridge’s initial use was in the Colt Single Action Army revolver, a firearm synonymous with the Wild West. Its popularity exploded with the spread of the American frontier, arming cowboys, lawmen, and outlaws alike. The cartridge’s stopping power, accuracy, and reliability made it a crucial tool in a world where survival often depended on the quality of one’s firearms. The legacy of the 45 Long Colt is undeniable, as it served as the primary cartridge for the U.S. Army for decades, during which time it saw combat in numerous conflicts, including the Indian Wars.
The .45 Long Colt’s dimensions tell a story. The case length is longer than its shorter relative, the .45 Schofield, lending it superior potential for greater power and velocity. It features a generous bullet diameter, originally designed to be around .454 inches, although it can vary depending on the manufacturer, and a rim that securely holds the cartridge in place during extraction. These dimensional characteristics contributed to the cartridge’s renowned performance and allowed it to be readily adapted to a wide array of firearms.
The .45 Long Colt in Cowboy Action Shooting
In Cowboy Action Shooting, the .45 Long Colt holds a special place. It’s more than just the ideal cartridge; it’s an integral part of the sport’s aesthetic. The authentic feel of handling a period-correct revolver chambered in .45 Long Colt adds immeasurably to the immersive experience. The cartridge’s manageable recoil makes it well-suited for rapid follow-up shots, crucial for the fast-paced demands of CAS.
Cowboy Action Shooting and Load Requirements
Understanding the Sport
Cowboy Action Shooting is a unique shooting sport that brings history to life. Participants dress in period-correct attire, complete with hats, boots, and attire appropriate for the late 19th-century, adding to the theatrical ambiance. It focuses on firearms and shooting styles of the Wild West era. Shooters compete in various stages, each designed to replicate historical scenarios, such as a bank robbery or a cattle drive, and accuracy and speed are essential elements of competition.
Safety Regulations
Safety reigns supreme in Cowboy Action Shooting. Strict adherence to rules is mandatory. Shooters are responsible for handling their firearms safely, including procedures for the unloading and loading of their weapons during the event. The sport’s safety culture is rigorously enforced to ensure the wellbeing of all competitors and spectators.
Load Restrictions and Guidelines
The 45 Long Colt cowboy load has some essential requirements in the context of Cowboy Action Shooting. One of the most critical is velocity. Loadings must remain within specified velocity limits set by the sanctioning bodies that oversee the events. These limitations are designed to ensure fairness and prevent undue strain on the equipment or potential safety hazards.
Bullet type is another key consideration. Standard lead bullets are the norm, offering a balance of performance, affordability, and historical accuracy. These rounds are preferred for their effective impact on steel targets and minimal risk of ricocheting. Jacketed bullets are generally prohibited to preserve the integrity and spirit of the historical period the sport replicates.
Typical CAS Stages
The stages that comprise Cowboy Action Shooting offer a variety of challenges. They typically feature targets at varying distances, from close-range steel plates to distant silhouette targets. Some stages involve engaging targets while moving, or from behind barriers, which adds further complexity. The goal is to complete each stage as quickly and accurately as possible, making it a demanding and exciting event that tests the skills and knowledge of the shooter.
Components of the Ideal Load
Brass Cases
Building the perfect 45 Long Colt cowboy load requires careful selection of components, all of which play a vital role in the overall performance.
Brass cases are the foundation of any reliable cartridge. High-quality cases are essential for consistent performance. When selecting brass, consider well-known brands, like Starline, known for its durability and consistency. Before reloading, inspect the cases for any damage, like cracks or dents. The cases must be cleaned thoroughly to eliminate any residue from the previous firing or other contaminants. After the cleaning process is complete, the brass will then be resized and trimmed to the proper length.
Primers
Primers provide the spark that ignites the powder. There are different primer types; for the 45 Long Colt, large pistol primers are typically the correct choice. A reliable primer is crucial for consistent ignition and accuracy. Choose primers from trusted manufacturers and handle them with care, making sure to seat them correctly, ensuring they are flush with the base of the case, or very slightly below.
Powder
Powder is the driving force behind your bullet. The type of powder you select has a significant impact on the performance of your load, including its velocity, recoil, and overall accuracy. Cowboy Action loads traditionally employed black powder and its alternatives, offering a taste of the history the sport celebrates. Today, smokeless powders provide a cleaner and more consistent performance. Powders that burn quickly, such as those suited for pistol loads, are commonly used to generate the required performance within the velocity restrictions.
Choosing the correct powder charge is a crucial element of reloading. Always consult a reliable reloading manual and adhere to the listed data for the powder, bullet weight, and other components you are using. Never exceed the maximum recommended loads, and always start with the minimum recommended load, then increase it gradually while monitoring the performance.
Bullets
Bullets are what strike the target. The choice of bullet will heavily impact the overall performance of the cartridge. Round nose flat point (RNFP) bullets are a popular option in CAS, known for their good accuracy and feeding reliability in revolvers. Other options include semi-wadcutter bullets, which can offer enhanced performance on targets. The weight of the bullet also matters; most CAS shooters go with bullets in the range of 200-255 grains. Carefully examine your bullets for any imperfections. Seating the bullet correctly is critical. The bullet must be firmly seated in the case without damaging it or affecting the overall length of the loaded cartridge.
Assembling Your Loads
Safety First
Reloading the 45 Long Colt Cowboy Load is a rewarding process that calls for precision and attention to detail. It’s always important to remember safety. Protect your eyes with safety glasses and wear gloves. Conduct the whole process in a clean environment with a good level of lighting.
Required Equipment
The equipment needed for reloading includes a reloading press, reloading dies, a scale for measuring powder, a case trimmer, and other tools. It’s best to use high-quality tools to avoid any potential difficulties.
Step-by-Step Guide
Begin by preparing the brass cases. The cases need to be cleaned, trimmed, and inspected. The use of a tumbler will help remove fouling and debris from both the inside and outside of the brass. The next step is to run the cases through the sizing die, which will resize them to the correct dimensions. The case trimmer will ensure each case has the correct length. This guarantees consistent performance.
The next step is priming the cases. With the cases prepared, the reloading press should be set up to seat primers. Ensure the primer is seated fully in the primer pocket.
Then, measure the amount of powder with your scale. Use a powder trickler for precision. Fill the case with the measured powder charge, being careful not to spill any powder.
Place the bullet on top of the charged case and seat it using the seating die. Adjust the seating die to ensure the bullet is seated at the correct depth and crimped properly.
Finally, after all this is completed, inspect the completed cartridges thoroughly. Make sure the primers are properly seated, the powder charge is correct, and the bullets are properly seated and crimped.
Load Data and Examples
It’s important to emphasize that the following data are examples only, and that it’s important to consult a reloading manual for accurate and safe data for your particular components. Always begin with a lower charge and work your way up cautiously. Never exceed the maximum recommended loads.
For a 250-grain lead round nose flat point bullet, using a smokeless powder, a charge from 6.0 to 7.0 grains could be considered. Again, it is essential to consult with a trusted reloading manual to ensure the safety of this powder and bullet combination.
For a black powder substitute, follow the manufacturer’s guidelines. The powder charge should be measured by volume, not weight. Remember, black powder and its substitutes produce a lot more smoke than smokeless powders.
Remember, the optimal load depends on the specific bullet, powder, and firearm used.
Testing and Refining
Shooting Range Preparation
Once you’ve loaded your 45 Long Colt cartridges, testing them at the range is essential. Always wear safety glasses and ear protection. Begin by setting up targets at a standard distance.
Accuracy Assessment
When shooting, observe the bullet groups. Good accuracy is a hallmark of a successful load. If your groups are not as tight as desired, try making adjustments to the powder charge or the seating depth of the bullet.
Velocity Measurement
Velocity is also a crucial metric. Use a chronograph to measure the speed of your bullets. Make certain the loads are within the velocity limits set for the discipline.
Identifying Issues
Closely monitor your brass cases after firing. Examine them for signs of excessive pressure, like flattened primers or bulging cases. If you observe any signs of overpressure, reduce the powder charge.
Prioritizing Safety
Essential Precautions
Safety is paramount in the realm of reloading. Proper safety gear, like eye protection, is essential. Be mindful of the potential hazards and always follow safe practices when working with firearms and ammunition components.
Safe Handling and Storage
Safe storage of ammunition and components is also essential. Store them in a cool, dry place, away from the reach of children or unauthorized persons. Dispose of any unused or damaged ammunition in a responsible manner.
Where to Find Information
Reloading Manuals
Several resources are available to assist you in your reloading endeavors. Reputable reloading manuals, such as those from Lyman, Hornady, and Sierra, are indispensable guides to load data and safe reloading practices. These manuals provide comprehensive data for various powders, bullets, and firearms.
Online Resources and Organizations
Websites, forums, and shooting organizations offer valuable insights. The Single Action Shooting Society (SASS) is the governing body for Cowboy Action Shooting, offering a wealth of resources, including guidelines and rules, to all those interested. Seek the guidance of experienced reloaders and consult with gunsmiths when necessary.
In Conclusion
The 45 Long Colt Cowboy Load represents a powerful combination of history, skill, and the timeless appeal of the Wild West. Reloading is not just a hobby; it’s a craft, and an appreciation for the history of shooting and the satisfaction of producing your own ammunition adds a layer of enjoyment to the sport. The care with which you prepare your loads reflects respect for the traditions of Cowboy Action Shooting. Remember to put safety above all else. Embrace the challenge, learn from your experiences, and enjoy the unique blend of competition, camaraderie, and historical authenticity that makes Cowboy Action Shooting an unforgettable pursuit. So, saddle up, load up, and prepare to experience the thrill of the .45 Long Colt.
